The days immediately after A Day in the Life of the Digital Humanities have gotten me thinking about the link between the activities just ended and the issue of nostalgia, a concern that should be much on the mind of theoreticians of the World Wide Web and the Internet. To whit:

Recent critiques of ecocriticism have worried about the element of nostalgia in all ecocritical thinking. That may or may not be a problem. Here is an etymology for the root of “nostalgia”:
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Indo-European root: nes-1
DEFINITION: To return safely home. 1. harness, from Old French harneis, harness, possibly from a Germanic source akin to Old English, Old High German (in composition), and Old Norse nest, food for a journey, from Germanic *nes-tam. 2. Suffixed o-grade form *nos-to-. nostalgia, from Greek nostos, a return home. (Pokorny nes- 766.) [American Heritage Dictionary]
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Food for a journey that leads us home; I’ve got no problem with such an idea. If oikos from eco-logy is a form of “home,” then eco [home]-criticism is a critique of home, nostalgia by definition. But critiques of home can lead us forward as well as backward. Oikos widens out from “house” to include “household,” “family,” and finally, “home.” We all came from one home: the family into which we were born or by which we were raised, but also the nonhuman home in which we found ourselves when we came to consciousness (an apartment building, a farmhouse, a townhouse, a skyscraper, the edge of the Sahara desert, an Alpine village, the African rain forest).
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We are all headed to a new home as well: our home as adults, the life we make, the places we choose to live, the environments in which we work, and play, and have our being, the homes to which we travel: the Upper West Side, Patagonia, Cleveland, the Grand Canyon. Each of these neutral locations–not meaningful until we make them so–can also become the site our most meaningful home. Thoughts of earlier homes (nostalgia) are always already part of our rigorous critique of the homes–human and nonhuman–out of which we came and to which we will return . . . or maybe not? We probably cannot work outside of nostalgia; rather, we work our way from nostalgia into the immediate world that, of necessity houses, us: the places in which we are roosting, perching, rousting, resting . . . and working at a computer screen with busy mouse and keyboard.
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Our other home in a digital world? Hyperspace. More significant over the long term–and to the wider world–is the fact that hypertext and hyperspace are themselves tools for a nostalgia of “home.”. Hypertext is based on the principle that units of information, bits and bites yielding up sentences and webpages, are always saved, kept even when they are “deleted,” preserved in various stages of development and revision. So twenty versions of my
homepage exist in various locations on the web: preserved because my page was created over chronological time, saved with different extensions and URLs, housed on different hard drives and servers, copied and printed by various users for various reasons. Even my emails have all been potentially copied or saved at every junction or server or inbox or monitor through which they have passed. My URL as home. My homepage as home.
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The nostalgia of hyperspace is complex as a home, in part because hyperspace is not yet a fully understood or fully theorized concept, but also because hyperspace is a nonmaterial entity. It is space; it does not exist anywhere that can be fully circumscribed (except perhaps “on the planet earth”). Yet hyperspace is also a material entity, since it exists in the atoms of computer chips, silicon surfaces, and motherboards that house it; my digitized data has a “home.” If all of the computers in the world suddenly ceased to exist, hyperspace would also cease to exist. So hyperspace is a space rendered real by the material objects that bring it into being, but also a space that exists only as energy, as the tiny quanta, or electrical charges, that travel through wires and increasingly through wireless space.
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The nostalgia implicit here should now be clearly evident. We long to return to places we have been before in hyperspace, just as we long for the hypertexts that we have seen, or created, or revised. We bookmark our homepages and favorite sites. Indeed, the bookmark and “favorites” are the ultimate and undeniable proof of our nostalgia-laden web. We print out our favorites, create a home out of and around our homepage. We love our homepage and the homepages of others, just as we love many of the “places” we have been in the universe of hyperspace (the “hyperverse”) to which we
long–nostalgically–to return. Witness MySpace. Witness Facebook.
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Desire is the central principle of all true nostalgia (could there be a false nostalgia?): desire for an earlier time, desire for another place than the one in which we find ourselves, desire for a past that lives only in the mind, desire now for places that exists only as bits and bytes. No realities in twenty-first century life are more laden with desire than the World Wide Web, the Internet, and an ever-increasing number of intranets within the “Net.” Whether, when, and how these new spaces and places will become the central elements of our truest sense of home remains to be seen. Am I wrong? Take me home . . . to
A.N.